"dunkalaz" meaning in All languages combined

See dunkalaz on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈduŋ.kɑ.lɑz/
Etymology: Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-, from *dʰengʷ-. However, the root has been alternatively reconstructed as *dʰengʷʰ-. Etymology templates: {{yesno|1|i|I}} i, {{glossary|inherited}} inherited, {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*dʰn̥gʷlo-||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-, {{inh+|gem-pro|ine-pro||*dʰn̥gʷlo-|nocap=1}} inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-, {{sup|u̯}} ^(u̯), {{sup|u̯}} ^(u̯) Head templates: {{gem-adj}} *dunkalaz Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dunkalaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], dunkalō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], dunkalą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], dunkalai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], dunkalôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], dunkalō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], dunkalanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], dunkalǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], dunkalą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], dunkalanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], dunkalōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], dunkalō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], dunkalas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], dunkalaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], dunkalas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], dunkalaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], dunkalaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], dunkalaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], dunkalammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], dunkalaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], dunkalammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], dunkalaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], dunkalaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], dunkalaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], dunkalanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], dunkalaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], dunkalanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], dunkalaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], dunkalaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], dunkalaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], dunkalô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], dunkalǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], dunkalô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], dunkalaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], dunkalōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], dunkalōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], dunkalanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], dunkalōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], dunkalô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], dunkalanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], dunkalōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], dunkalōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], dunkaliniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], dunkalōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], dunkaliniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], dunkalanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], dunkalōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], dunkalanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], dunkalini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], dunkalōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], dunkalini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], dunkalammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], dunkalōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], dunkalammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], dunkalinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], dunkalōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], dunkalinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], dunkalammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], dunkalōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], dunkalammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. dark Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *dunkaraz, *derkaz Derived forms: dunkalą, dunkalāną, dunkalį̄, dunkaljaną Related terms: dankwaz
    Sense id: en-dunkalaz-gem-pro-adj-5rtWib7s Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
          "lang_code": "stq",
          "word": "djunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "*diunkel"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
          "lang_code": "stq",
          "word": "djunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "*dionkel"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds-de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Plautdietsch",
              "lang_code": "pdt",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
              "lang_code": "nb",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "dunkal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "donkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "duncal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "tunkel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "tunkal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "tunkel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "tuncal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "tunkel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "tunchal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "i",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰn̥gʷlo-",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰn̥gʷlo-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "u̯"
      },
      "expansion": "^(u̯)",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "u̯"
      },
      "expansion": "^(u̯)",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-, from *dʰengʷ-. However, the root has been alternatively reconstructed as *dʰengʷʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*dunkalaz",
      "name": "gem-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunkalaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "dunkalą"
        },
        {
          "word": "dunkalāną"
        },
        {
          "word": "dunkalį̄"
        },
        {
          "word": "dunkaljaną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "id": "en-dunkalaz-gem-pro-adj-5rtWib7s",
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "dankwaz"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*dunkaraz"
        },
        {
          "word": "*derkaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈduŋ.kɑ.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dunkalaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "dunkalą"
    },
    {
      "word": "dunkalāną"
    },
    {
      "word": "dunkalį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "dunkaljaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
          "lang_code": "stq",
          "word": "djunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "*diunkel"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
          "lang_code": "stq",
          "word": "djunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "*dionkel"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German Low German",
              "lang_code": "nds-de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Plautdietsch",
              "lang_code": "pdt",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
              "lang_code": "nb",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "dunkel"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "dunkal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Dutch",
          "lang_code": "dum",
          "word": "donkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "duncal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "tunkel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "tunkal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "tunkel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "tuncal"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "tunkel"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "dunkel"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Yiddish",
              "lang_code": "yi",
              "roman": "tunkl",
              "word": "טונקל"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "dunkel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "tunchal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "i",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰn̥gʷlo-",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰn̥gʷlo-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "u̯"
      },
      "expansion": "^(u̯)",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "u̯"
      },
      "expansion": "^(u̯)",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʷlo-, from *dʰengʷ-. However, the root has been alternatively reconstructed as *dʰengʷʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*dunkalaz",
      "name": "gem-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunkalaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "dankwaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*dunkaraz"
        },
        {
          "word": "*derkaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈduŋ.kɑ.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dunkalaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for dunkalaz meaning in All languages combined (11.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.